Israel and Iran exchanged fire for the fourth consecutive day on Monday, stocking fears of an all-out war with the potential to drag in others in the oil-rich region and force the U.S. into a more hands-on stance.

Iran fired several waves of drones and missiles over the last 24 hours, while Israel continued hitting the Islamic Republic’s capital, Tehran, and killing one more senior military official.

Since Friday, 224 people have been killed in Iran, according to the government, which said most of the casualties were civilians. Iranian attacks killed 24 people in Israel, according to the Israeli government press office, and injured 592.

The exchange of missile salvos between Israel and Iran is the most serious escalation after years of shadow war. Analysts fear it might push the Middle East into a regional conflict, causing wider human loss and potentially disrupting energy flows and vital trade routes.

One missile landed near the U.S. consulate in central Tel Aviv, causing minor material damages but no injuries to personnel, the ambassador to Israel, Mike Huckabee, said Monday. Many cars were crushed and buildings damaged in the area of the city where the strike happened.

For Iran, the showdown poses an existential dilemma. It can’t risk appearing weak, yet its options are shrinking. Proxy forces across the region, which regularly rallied to its support in the past, have been debilitated by Israeli action over the past 20 months. Hezbollah, the Lebanese militia the U.S. and others designate as a terrorist group, is noticeably absent from the conflict and hasn’t signaled it will start attacks on Israel.

Tensions between the arch-enemies erupted into full-blown conflict on Friday, when Israel attacked Iranian military and nuclear sites, and killed several top generals and atomic scientists. Since then, it has achieved air superiority over large parts of Iran, including Tehran, and degraded the ability of the Islamic Republic to defend against its strikes.

Iran has countered by firing drones and ballistic missiles at the Jewish state. Israel believes Iran still has thousands of missiles left, according to National Security Adviser Tzachi Hanegbi, who spoke in an interview with the Army Radio.

U.S. Treasuries fell due to concerns a surge in oil prices will fan inflation. Oil prices spiked in response to Israeli airstrikes and gains carried through to the Asian session before profit-taking took hold — Brent futures fell around 1% after spiking over 10% Friday. Traders pared bets on interest-rate cuts from the Federal Reserve, which holds its policy meeting this week.

The potential for disruption of key shipping routes is an important consideration for policymakers trying to forecast risks to inflation. Navigation signals from hundreds of vessels in the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf went awry over the weekend, forcing seafarers to rely on less precise mechanisms which increase the risk of collisions.

Market sentiment at the start of the week was less bearish, with analysts expecting attacks to subside in the near term.

“The market currently anticipates a limited conflict, though there is little indication that hostilities will end quickly,” said Jochen Stanzl, chief market analyst at CMC Markets.

Emerging market currencies and stocks clawed back some of the previous session’s steep losses and both European stocks and U.S. futures posted small gains. The Israeli shekel led global currency gains, jumping around 2% against the dollar after four consecutive declines. The Iranian stock exchange will remain closed until further notice, the state-run Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting reported.

Israel’s airstrikes came as the U.S. was preparing to meet Iran for a new round of nuclear talks. The meeting was canceled and chances of a deal now seem distant.

U.S. President Donald Trump has sent contradicting signals since the onset of the Israeli attacks. He first urged Iran to reach a nuclear deal and, on Sunday, added it and Israel “should make a deal, and will make a deal.”

“We will have PEACE, soon, between Israel and Iran!” he said on Truth Social. “Many calls and meetings now taking place.”

Yet, shortly after, he also said “but sometimes they have to fight it out.”

There was little to suggest either side was prepared to deescalate and leaders have escalated their rhetoric, warning that there will be a heavy price to pay for strikes.

Iran reported an explosion at one of its natural gas plants linked to the giant South Pars field on Saturday. While the country exports little gas and Israel appears not to have targeted its oil fields or crude-shipment facilities, the move risks pushing up global energy prices — which soared on Friday — even more.

The United Nations atomic watchdog convened an emergency meeting to assess Israel’s attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities and disrupted monitoring of the Islamic Republic’s stockpile of near-bomb grade uranium. The International Atomic Energy Agency’s board meets Monday in Vienna, just days after a divisive vote found Iran in non-compliance with its legal obligations.

The IAEA said multiple strikes on Iran’s uranium-conversion facility at Isfahan, south of Tehran, resulted in serious damage.

Iran’s deputy foreign minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, told state television that “we will no longer cooperate with the agency as we did before.”

According to Iran’s Fars news service, a key parliamentary committee said Tehran should no longer adhere to the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the bedrock arms-control agreement that compels signatories to accept inspections. For now, it’s unclear if the government will take such steps.

Worst conflict

Arch-enemies Israel and Iran have long maintained simmering animosity. The Jewish state’s been accused of cyberattacks and assassinating Iranian scientists, while Tehran’s funded anti-Israel militias in the Middle East.

Those tensions soared after Hamas, a Palestinian group backed by Iran, attacked Israel on Oct. 7, 2023. That led to Israel and Iran firing missiles and drones on each other twice last year.

Still, this is their most serious conflict yet. Since the fighting began, Israel struck Iran’s nuclear and military sites using jets and drones, and killed several top commanders and atomic scientists.

Several waves of strikes in Iran were conducted overnight, targeting approximately 100 military targets, according to the Israeli Defense Forces spokesperson. He added one third of Iran’s missile launchers have been destroyed.

Israel said it was aiming to end Iran’s ability to build a nuclear bomb, which it sees as an existential threat. Tehran maintains its atomic program has purely civilian purposes.

Trump is set to meet other leaders of the Group of Seven major economies in Canada and the conflict will be at the forefront of their talks. Israel is calling on Washington and European nations to help it attack Iran, arguing that such help is needed to stop Tehran from developing a nuclear weapon.

While the U.S. has helped defend Israel by intercepting missiles and drones, Trump has not yet indicated if the U.S. will join in the strikes on Iran.

For all that Israel’s already damaged Iranian atomic sites and says it will continue to strike them. Several Western analysts say it needs U.S. help to destroy some key facilities located deep underground.

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—With assistance from Dan Williams, Jonathan Tirone, Richard Henderson, Josh Wingrove and Jon Herskovitz.

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