The number of U.S. nationals applying for British citizenship hit an all-time high in the first year of President Donald Trump’s second term in the White House.

A total of 8,790 Americans sought citizenship through either registration or naturalization in 2025, according to Home Office data published Thursday, 42% more than the previous high of 6,192 in 2024. A record 2,490 applied in the final quarter of last year.

“There continues to be a rise in interest from the U.S. for those seeking global mobility options, and citizenship is a key part of that,” said Nick Rollason, head of immigration at law firm Kingsley Napley.

Americans can apply for citizenship in the UK either through naturalization — open to those who’ve resided in the country legally for at least five years including one year with settled status, or who have a British spouse; or through registration, which is open to people such as Commonwealth citizens, children born abroad to British citizens, or children born in the UK to parents who later get citizenship or settled status.

Rollason said it was likely that changes introduced in 2022 allowing Americans with a British grandmother to apply for citizenship had helped boost the numbers. But the “political climate in the U.S. appears to be a significant motivator for those seeking a more stable and predictable environment abroad.”

The figures add to evidence of Americans seeking opportunities elsewhere since Trump stepped up his campaign to reshape the economy and institutions around his America-first politics. British universities last year saw a rise in interest from U.S. students, Bloomberg reported, while UK job postings are receiving increasing interest from Americans.

The rise in applications will be welcomed by the UK government, as it attempts to encourage growth in the UK. Though it is trying to limit net migration more broadly, it wants to encourage high earners and those with higher educational attainment. Immigration lawyers say that U.S. applicants for British citizenship tend to tick those boxes.

A jump in citizenship applications across all nationalities, to 90,555 in the fourth quarter of 2025 from 68,771 a year earlier, is likely to reflect fears that the UK is becoming increasingly hostile toward migrants.

The government has proposed that migrants will now have to “earn” the right to claim residency in the UK, a precondition for citizenship through the naturalization route. Reform UK — Nigel Farage’s poll-leading right-wing party — has proposed abolishing residency status altogether.

“We are seeing quite a few people who have had Indefinite Leave to Remain for a number of years applying for citizenship,” Rollason said. “Concerns around possible attacks on indefinite leave by Reform but also the introduction of a possible future ‘earned citizenship’ scheme, set out in the government’s May White Paper, are pushing people who qualify to apply now.”

More widely, immigration to the UK continued to fall in 2025, according to the Home Office figures. There were 809,407 visas issued for a non-visit reason last year, down 15% from the previous year but 10% higher than 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Migration is proving one of the most contentious issues in UK politics. Concerns around the pressures placed on public services led to the previous Conservative government and now the Labour administration to place restrictions on work and study visas.

While the fall in legal migration will be touted by the Labour government as it vows to bring down immigration following a surge post-pandemic, the number of undocumented migrants arriving on small boats across the English Channel climbed 13% on the previous year — though it was still 9% below its peak in 2022.

Some 46,000 people arrived through illegal routes in 2025, and most went on to claim asylum — the total number of people claiming asylum hit 101,000, down 4% on the previous year.

The cost of accommodating asylum seekers while their claims are processed, and the attention given to crimes committed by migrants by right-wing figures in the UK, are factors which have boosted immigration to be one of voters’ top concerns.

Analytics company Gallup found the UK leads any other county in terms of its opposition to more immigration, with 21% of Britons naming it as their top concern. Only six other countries have at least one in 10 adults citing it as the foremost issue in their minds.

But the Home Office on Thursday said the UK had received only the fifth largest number of asylum seekers in the EU+, after Germany, France, Spain and Italy. When compared to the size of the population, it had received the 15th largest number.

There were signs that the government was reducing the backlog of asylum claims, with 48,723 cases awaiting an initial decision at the end of December, down 48% on a year earlier.

The number of asylum seekers receiving state support in the form of accommodation or subsistence payments was 107,003 — down 5% on the previous year.

Housing asylum seekers in hotels has been one of the most contentious issues for UK voters, due to the cost, the living conditions and the tensions sparked in the local community. The number of people living in hotels was 30,657 at the end of December, down 19% over the year.

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